Pi Server

My Own Server At Home

About This Website

When you visit my website, you are connecting directly to my self-hosted home server: a Raspberry Pi 4. All the files needed to make the website work are stored on it using docker containers.

For those who does not know, a Raspberry Pi is a single-board computers of the size of a credit-card. It is a low cost device developed in the UK.

How Is It Built?

Visit my GitHub repository to see all the source code for this project.

The structure and documentation is saved on an HTML file, the design on a CSS file and the user's interface on a Javascript file.

All files are served through NGINX, which runs in a wonderful docker container that is used as a reverse proxy with other private access services that are also runinng on the Raspberry: ( Nextcloud, Portainer, Homer, Pi-hole, qBittorrent, Jackett…).

Why?

The idea of this project is:

To learn the magic behind self-hosting.
To learn how to use the command line in Linux and move around my server as a pro.
To learn Docker and Docker Compose.
To deploy containers and learn how to use Portainer and many other self-hosted apps.
To force myself to document all the projects I develop, and more importantly, finish them.
To build my first blog/website from scratch with usefull information about the process and be able to go back in time and recreate the project if needed it.
To Develope frontEnd and BackEnd skills
To sufil my needs of having to store private information. a centralize storage unit.

References

I have to get credit to multiple youtubers and other sources that contribute in some form to this project. With that been said, I will be adding the links for those videos if you want to have a more visual idea.

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Chapter One

In this Chapter we will install the OS and setup the Raspberry Pi to boot from USB. Then, we will install Docker, install Portainer, and install Shell In A Box.

Hardware Required For This Project
Hardware Required For This Project
- Pi 4
- SD → To config Usb bootloader
- SSD or USB or HDD
- HDMI cord

Step by step:

1. Install the OS 2. Boot from USB SSD for the Rasp Pi4 (Setup)3. Static IP 4. Install Docker 5. Install Portainer 6. Install Shell In A Box Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Install the OS
1. Make sure to format the SD and the SSD before.
2. Go to Rpi website to download and Install the "Pi Imager"
3. Once it is installed, connect the SD card and flash Raspberry Desktop OS.
  I suggest to flash the Pi with the RPi Desktop version instead of the Lite version (as suggested in the video) Other than that, I follow steps in minute 2:18.
  1. Access the Advance options for the OS setup
  2. Remember to use the Ctrl + Shift + x to see the Advance options.
  3. Disable overscan
  4. Set hostname: rpi-srv
  5. Enable SSH
  6. Set Password
  7. Set Configure WIFI & country
  8. Set Local & Keyboard Layout
  9. Skip first-run Wizard.
  10. Disable Telemetry.
Flash RPi OS

— Flash RPi Desktop(not lite as in video) OS ( Ctrl + Shift + x → Advance options)
2. Boot from USB SSD for the Rasp Pi4 (Setup)
Note: The Raspberry Pi needs to Boot from USB. Which means that we need to Update EEPROM on.

Personal Note: I had some issues following this particular video since the video skip the step where you need to config the USB bootloader. Instead, in the video, they flash the OS on the HDD instead of doing it on a SD and then copy everything from the SD to the SSD from the pi.

Watch video: How to Boot Raspberry Pi 4/400 From a USB SSD
1. Connect to Raspberry Pi over SSH
2. Update OS and firmware
3. Reboot Raspberry Pi
4. How to Update EEPROM on Raspberry Pi 4 For USB Boot...
  Install latest bootloader
5. Launch this tool for final configurations
6. Reboot Raspberry Pi
7. Copy SD to USB or SSD
8. Once it Finish, Turn off the pi
  Remove the SD and boot from SSD
3. Static IP

To setup a Static IP address

Go to the Router and assign an IP.
4. Install Docker
Docker on Raspberry Pi
1. 5:46 — Docker Explained
2. 6:32 — Install Docker
3. Install git
4. Run Script
5. Install Portainer
Portainer

Run Script
1. cd Downloads/pi-hosted 2. ./install_portainer.sh #install portainer 3. cat install_portainer.sh # to check what is in the script
9:11 — Portainer Settings

Go to Endpoints or environments > local > change the public IP address with the actual IP from my Pi: 192.168.1.250

Portainer App templet link

10:51 — App Templates
1. In Portainer add the link below
2. Portainer > settings > url (link below) > save settings
6. Install Shell In A Box

Shell In A Box

11:51 — Shell In A Box Install
Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Two

In this Chapter we will learn how to Install Homer, a Dashboard that allow us to view all the apps in out server.

Step by step:

1. Homer install 2. Configure Homer 3. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Homer install
Homer

I installed it from Portainer.
- apt templets > homer > deploy the container
2. Configure Homer
1. I can SSH or user Shell in a box (https://192.168.1.250:4200/)
2. Modify Homer page:
  1. Change title and sub-title
  2. To change page color use a color generator web
  3. comment the optional message with #
  4. Go to services
    1. modify the apps and add more...
  5. Change images
    1. Find a nice png & copy the url
    2. Go to the terminal and downloaded
    3. cd // to root
    4. wget ( url link — from the image)
    5. ls // to check if it download
    6. mv imgName.png newImgName.png // To rename img
    7. ls
    8. sudo mv newImgName.png /portainer/Files/AppData/Config/Homer/assets/tools/ //move img to another location
    9. cd /portainer/Files/AppData/Config/Homer/assets
    10. sudo nano config.yml
3. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Three

In this Chapter we will learn how to manually install an app on the Pi if the app is not listed in the app template on Portainer.

Step by step:

1. Guacamole 2. Template 3. Add To Portainer 4. Setup Guacamole 5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Guacamole
Guacamole

Go to Docker hub and download Guacamole
- Make sure to use one that support X64 & ARM
2. Template
3. Add To Portainer
Note: Basado en el template de arriba es q se configura la info de abajo:
1. Containers > Add Container
2. Name: Guacamole
3. Image: oznu/guacamole:armhf
4. Manual network port publishing: Click on publish a new network port
5. Host: 9100 /avoid using port 8080 on host. it is really common.
6. Container: 8080
7. Volume Tab
  1. Volume mapping: Click on map additional volume
  2. Container: /config
  3. Click on bind
  4. host: /portainer/Files/AppData/Config/guacamole
8. Restart Policy tab
  - Set to Unless Stopped
9. Deploy the container.
4. Setup Guacamole
1. Go to 192.168.1.250:9100
2. Login
  - Default user/passw: guacadmin
3. Settings > preference > change password
4. Setting > add new configuration > pero no tengo servers
5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Four

In this Chapter we will install two apps. A downloader manager and a file browser GUI on our Pi.

Step by step:

1. JDownloader 2. Docker Compose 3. Add To Portainer 4. Access JDownloader 5. File Browser 6. Docker Compose 7. Add To Portainer 8. Access File Browser 9. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. JDownloader
JDownloader

Go to Docker hub and download JDownloader
1. Make sure to use one that support X64 & ARM
2. Name:
3. Docker Hub
2. Docker Compose
3. Add To Portainer
Note: Basado en el Docker Compose de arriba es q se configura la info de abajo:
1. Containers > Add Container
2. Name: JDownloader
3. Image: jaymoulin/jdownloader:1.4.3-armhf
4. Manual network port publishing: Click on publish a new network port
5. Host: 3129
6. Container: 3129
7. Volume Tab
  1. Volume mapping: Click on map additional volume X2
  2. Click on bind for both
  3. Container: /opt/JDownloader/cfg
  4. Host: /portainer/Files/AppData/Config/JDownloader
  5. Container: /opt/JDownloader/Downloads
  6. Host: /portainer/Downloads
8. Environment tab
  1. Click 3 times on Add environment variable.
  2. Names:
    1. MYJD_USER
    2. MYJD_PASSWORD
    3. MYJD_DEVICE_NAME
  3. Values:
    1. my usuario@tutanota.com
    2. my clave de jdownloader
    3. RaspberryPi
9. Restart Policy tab
10. Deploy the container.
4. Access JDownloader
1. Go to 192.168.1.250:3129
2. no me deja connectar
3. Go to the website and login
  - my.jdownloader.org/login
5. File Browser
File Browser

Go to Docker hub and download File Browser
1. Make sure to use one that support X64 & ARM
2. Name: filebrowser/filebrowser
3. Docker Hub
4. File Browser website
6. Docker Compose

-More details-
7. Add To Portainer
Note: Basado en el Docker Compose de arriba es q se configura la info de abajo:
1. Containers > Add Container
2. Name: FileBrowser
3. Image: filebrowser/filebrowser
4. Manual network port publishing: Click on publish a new network port
5. Host: 8123
6. Container: 80
7. Volume Tab
  1. Volume mapping: Click on map additional volume X2
  2. Click on bind
  3. Container: /srv
  4. Host: /portainer/Downloads
8. Restart Policy tab
  - Set to never
9. Deploy the container.
8. Access File Browser
1. Go to 192.168.1.250:8123
2. Default login: admin & admin
9. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Five

In this Chapter we will install "Transmission". It is a downloader that works with your VPN. In other words, It is a Downloader tool that use VPN.

Step by step:

1. NO LO PUDE HACER PORQUE NO TENGO VPN INSTALADO EN EL MOMENTO 3. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. NO LO PUDE HACER PORQUE NO TENGO VPN INSTALADO EN EL MOMENTO
Lo unico que hice fue agregar el APP template link en portainer.
lo inclui en la guia de la parte 1.
3. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Six

In this Chapter we will learn how to ...
install the OS and setup the Raspberry Pi to boot from USB. Then, we will install Docker, install Portainer, and install Shell In A Box.

Step by step:

1. Update Portainer 2. Update using a Script 3. Manual Update 4. Automatic Updates 5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Update Portainer
1. Go to Portainer > container > Portainer image
2. Stop the container
3. Delete the image
4. Re-download the image with the same setting as before.
This method wont delete anything.
2. Update using a Script

Use the Script as presented in the video
3. Manual Update
1. Go to Portainer
2. Open the container I want to update
3. Stop container
4. Recreate > Pull latest Image > Done
5. Start
4. Automatic Updates

App Templates > search WatchTower
No need to setup
5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Seven

In this Chapter we will learn how to install RPI Monitor. A monitoring solution for Docker hosts and containers with Prometheus, Grafana, cAdvisor, NodeExporter.

-more info-

Step by step:

1. Run Script 2. Run Container from APP Template 3. No need to Configure - Details can be found...4. Setup Dashboard 5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Run Script
- Login to SSH
- Find the script folder
2. Run Container from APP Template
1. Go to the Portainer
2. App templates
3. Search the rpi-Monitor app
4. Deploy the Stack
5. No setup needed.
3. No need to Configure - Details can be found...
1. Go to Portainer
2. Stack tab
3. click on the "raspberrypi-docker-monitor"
4. Setup Dashboard
Dashboard example
1. Go to Rpi-Monitor page and setup Dashboard.
  - 192.168.1.250:3000
2. login
3. configure icone > Add data sources > prometheus > select
4. Under HTTP, add the URL
  1. To find the IP address, go to portainer
  2. Stack tab > click on the"raspberrypi-docker-monitor"
  3. scroll down and copy the IP for"monitoring-prometheus".
  4. in my case, it is 172.18.0.4
  5. add port 9090
  6. For the URL will be http://172.18.0.4:9090
  7. Save & Test
5. Add dashboard
6. clicking the + tab > import
7. Go to the github
  - URL
  - pi-hosted/pi-hosted_template/configs/dashboard_by_oijkn.json
8. Copy dashboard_by_oijkn.json file
9. Add copy file on under Import via json box
10. Load > import
5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Chapter Eight

In this Chapter we will learn how to Install NextCloud_Pi on the Raspberry Pi using Docker and Portainer.

Step by step:

1. Install NextCloud Pi 2. Login to NextCloud (admin)3. Fix Untrusted domain error 4. Login to NextCloud (user)5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter
1. Install NextCloud Pi
NextCloud Pi

This version of NextCloud is made for raspberry pi and its called NextCloudPi
1. Login to Portainer
2. App templates >search for NextCloudPi
3. Deploy the Container.
4. Click here to learn more about the NextCloudPi project
2. Login to NextCloud (admin)
1. Go to the URL: https://192.168.1.250:8443
2. Save the admin and user password displaying on the screen.
3. Open a new tab and go to https://192.168.1.250:8443
4. Login using the admin credentials you previously saved.
  1. Username: ncp
  2. password: (adminPassword)
5. Next Cloud first run > run
6. Under external access > No
7. Finish > Go back to NextCloudPi web panel
3. Fix Untrusted domain error
1. Under configurations
2. Click on nc-trusted-domains
3. Add the Raspberry Pi IP address
  - 192.168.1.250
4. Add the domain if you have one.
5. Apply.
4. Login to NextCloud (user)
1. Go to the URL: https://192.168.1.250:8443
2. The error is gone.
3. Login with the second password previously stored.
  - Username: ncp
  - password: second password.
5. Visual Explanation Of The Chapter

Blog Name

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Title description, Dec 7, 2017

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Title description, Sep 2, 2017

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Errors & Bugs

This section explain some of the errors you might get into during the project and how to troubleshoot them. Good luck!

SSH error:

1. Nasty error Solution
1. Nasty error

"Nasty error" while trying to SSH into the Pi

Once I change some things in the pi, I was not able to SSH again and got an error that looks like this:
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 5c:9b:16:56:a6:cd:11:10:3a:cd:1b:a2:91:cd:e5:1c. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1 RSA host key for ras.mydomain.com has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed.
Solution

I fix it by getting rid of an individual known hosts

In my case, I have to delete the IP or the raspberry instance that was not letting me in.

For more details click here.

issue:

How do I fix a"cannot open display" error when opening an X program after ssh'ing with X11 forwarding enabled?

Error Solution The X-apps include
Error
Solution

This video help me resolved the issue. I had to install putty and Xmings to X11 apss on windows.
The X-apps include

This package provides a miscellaneous assortment of X applications that ship with the X Window System, including:

Example of X11 apps

more info

Notes Over the network (Code)
Notes
- Make sure to format the SD and the SSD before.
- Make sure to install the Visual OS and NOT the LITE OS. This is to setup the boot loader order. Which enable USB boot.
- Follow video until minute 9.
  - After that is the SSH version, using only the command which I already tried but got stuck at the end since I was able to run the piclone in the terminal.
Over the network (Code)

My Own Server At Home

About This Website

How Is It Built?

Why?

The idea of this project is:

References

TITLE HEADING

Title description, Sep 2, 2017

Search by Apps

LAN + Pi

Popular Post

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Chapter One

Step by step:

Flash RPi OS

— Flash RPi Desktop(not lite as in video) OS ( Ctrl + Shift + x → Advance options)

Enable VNC in the Pi

Portainer App templet link

Chapter Two

Step by step:

Chapter Three

Step by step:

Chapter Four

Step by step:

Chapter Five

Step by step:

Chapter Six

Step by step:

Chapter Seven

Step by step:

Chapter Eight

Step by step:

Blog Name

TITLE HEADING

Title description, Dec 7, 2017

TITLE HEADING

Title description, Sep 2, 2017

About Me

Popular Post

Follow Me

Errors & Bugs

SSH error:

issue:

How do I fix a"cannot open display" error when opening an X program after ssh'ing with X11 forwarding enabled?